The fastest way to render lead-acid batteries useless is to discharge them fully and set them aside for a long time. The sulphate ions in the electrolyte adhere to the lead plates to form lead sulphate. Usually, this happens when the battery is used and is discharging but is reversed during charging process when the sulphate ions are once again freed and the metal plates restored to lead oxide. But after prolonged standing in uncharged state, the batter loses the ability to return sulphate back in the battery acid electrolyte. Instead, the plates become encrusted with lead sulphate which is a phenomenon that causes battery failure.

Batteries for automobiles should be checked regularly to make sure they are charged properly because improper charging of these devices can shorten their lives. Since the specific gravity of the acid solution can change as it is being used, it is also necessary to inspect the specific gravity, which can drop below the typical reading during instances of quick recharging after being cycled deeply. This causes the acid on top not to mix with the charged electrolyte in the bottom.

Occasionally the fluid level may drop below normal which is an indication that water is lost from the electrolyte solution. Any battery acid supplier recommends that you should check fluid levels in lead-acid batteries once in three months. You can add deionized water into the car battery to replenish the lost water. Plain water is not recommended because of the presence of ions that could alter the ionic consistency in the acid solution. However, you should not add water when batteries are discharged. Only pour water after recharging them to prevent the acid electrolyte from overflowing and damaging the unit.

Always make sure the tops of the lead-acid batteries are clean and the cables should be fixed tautly. But never touch these cables when the battery is discharging or is being recharged as a precaution. Assume hydrogen gas is being generated during these processes and if by chance a spark occurs, the gas could explode and injure you and damage the equipment. Therefore, don't do some tinkering while the battery is in operation and when it is recharged.

Monitor the specific gravity and equalize the charge in instances when some cells display a 0.05 specific gravity disparity. It is not, however, recommended to equalize sealed batteries or the gel type ones.

For charging specifications, consult the dealer of the automobile battery because there are specific instructions for a type of battery.

Most automobile battery concerns involve the wet-cell electrolyte. You can always consult a battery acid manufacturer for your battery electrolyte needs and concerns. Working with the acid should be done with caution because it is a corrosive chemical and, therefore, harmful to humans and to the environment.