Cyprus has a rich architectural history, with many beautiful historic buildings across the island. The island has been much fought over in its long history (as it continues to be today), and the conflict has left its mark in its architecture. Each of the many civilisations which have ruled over the island have left behind buildings of their own. Here are some of the most interesting and significant:

Kolossi Castle

Close to the beach resort of Limassol, Kolossi Castle dates from the 13th Century. It was the headquarters of the Knights of St John of Jerusalem during the Crusades, and later the Knights Templar. It was built as a military fortification, something reflected in its austere stone architecture, which is very well preserved. It is a calm, peaceful place to wander around, in contrast to its past as a military stronghold.

Hala Sultan Tekke

This is one of the holiest sites in the world for Muslims. It lies just outside Larnaca, on the banks of a salt lake. It is built on the site of the grave of the prophet Mohammed’s wet nurse, Hala Sultan. There has been a shrine on the site since around the seventh century, but has been much built on since.

During the period of Turkish Ottoman rule in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the mosque started to be built around the grave. As well as the tomb, it has a minaret, mosque and living quarters, all in clean white stone. The site is surrounded by olive and cypress trees, and is open to people of all religions.

The old city of Nicosia

Nicosia is Cyprus’ capital, and as well as being a bustling modern city, is home to an ancient walled city. Within the walls are buildings from throughout Cypriot history. The walls were built by the Venetians during their period of rule in the sixteenth century. They are over three miles long and surrounded by thick ramparts and towers.

The best preserved and most atmospheric part of the old city within the walls is Arabahmet, where Ottoman era houses line the narrow streets. There are many historic buildings throughout the old city, including some beautiful mosques, such as the Selimye Mosque, originally a Christian cathedral. Its minarets are one of the city’s most prominent landmarks. Another significant building is the Great Inn, a sixteenth century galleried inn set around a courtyard.

Torodos Painted Churches

The mountainous Torodos region is home to a series of painted churches, dating from the Byzantine era. From the outside, they look unassuming – small, stone village churches. Inside, they are home to intricate colourful frescoes. One of the best is the twelfth century Panagia tou Araka in the village of Lagoudera.