When the upper and lower teeth are aligned correctly the result is a healthy bite and an attractive smile. Sometimes, the teeth might be misaligned or crooked, adversely affecting the bite. A bad bite is known as "malocclusion" and it can possibly lead to tooth decay and gum disease. Malocclusion can be caused by a number of factors. A small jaw size can cause malocclusion, as can habits such as thumb sucking and any other factor which damages the teeth, can lead to misalignment and a bad bite. Whatever the cause, an orthodontist can correct these dental irregularities by applying braces. Orthodontia is a branch of dentistry that specializes is correcting dental and facial irregularities. Braces are devices that help straighten the teeth into proper alignment, by moving the jaw and teeth into their correct positions. Braces consist of brackets and wires. Brackets are made out of metal, ceramic or plastic and are attached to the teeth. An arch wire is connected to the brackets. The arch wire is what gradually moves the teeth into their correct position.

In some cases, additional devices are needed to assure that the lower and upper teeth fit together properly in order to get the ideal bite. Rubber bands are able to provide additional force to move the teeth into proper alignment. Another devise is a palatial expander which can be used to enlarge the size of the upper jaw.

A typical treatment lasts 18-30 months. There might be some discomfort and soreness the first week after getting braces; after that the pain should subside. Patients can partake in their normal activates, although a mouth guard is recommended when partaking in contact sports. When wearing braces it is important to avoid hard, chewy and sticky food and to make sure the teeth are thoroughly cleaned. An orthodontist will be able to go over proper brushing techniques to make sure the teeth stay clean.

The American Association of Orthodontist recommends that all children receive an orthodontist check up at age 7. Most patients begin treatment between the ages of 9 to 16. There are an increasing number of people who begin treatment as adults. An orthodontist will be able to move the teeth into their proper position. However, starting treatment as an adult may take longer and surgery might be needed to expand the jaw to allow the teeth to move into their proper position.

Whether starting treatment as a child, teen or adult successful orthodontic care requires the joint efforts of the patient, family dentist and orthodontist.