We take long-term mortgages for granted today, but it wasn't always that way. Long ago it was likely that if you financed a home you borrowed money with a five-year "term" mortgage -- and even then you needed 50 percent down. When the five years was up, you went and got a replacement loan.

But term loans have a built-in problem: They're not always available, especially if people lose jobs or if home values decline. That was a common situation after the Great Depression, but in 1934 the newly-formed Federal Housing Administration (FHA) began offering long-term mortgage loans insured by the federal government. The result was that millions of people could get long-term mortgages with little down that would allow them to ride-out tough times.

Today the FHA mortgage program remains an important option -- more than 555,000 FHA loans were originated in 2005. That's a big number, but it's a lot less that the 827,000 FHA loans started in 2004 or the 1.53 million originated in 2003.

Whatever the numbers, if you're a first-time buyer or someone looking for liberal qualification standards, the FHA program is worth considering. And given coming changes in the lending industry, it's likely that we'll see a lot more FHA loans in 2006 and beyond.

Under the FHA program you can buy with as little as 3 percent down. That's 97-percent financing, a good deal by traditional standards though it's fair to point out that 100-percent financing is now widely available. However, the 3-percent downpayment can be in the form of a gift or grant -- in fact for the past decade the FHA has even allowed couples to establish a "bridal registry" where friends and relatives can contribute to a downpayment fund.

In addition, the FHA program also allows owners to kick-in a "seller contribution" of 1 percent to as much as 6 percent of the sale amount. While you can bet that most sellers will not joyously give up money to help purchasers, in a buyer's market a seller's contribution might be the difference between "sold" and stilled listed.

To qualify for a mortgage lenders look at your monthly income and expenses. For a conventional loan the guidelines might allow you to spend 28 percent of your gross monthly income on housing costs such as mortgage interest, principal, property taxes and home insurance (PITI). In addition, loan guidelines might allow you to spend 36 percent on PITI plus other monthly debts such as credit card bills and auto loan payments.

With FHA fixed-rate financing the usual ratios are 31/43 -- liberal standards that will allow borrowers to get more financing than with conventional loans. FHA also offers an "energy efficient mortgage" or EEM. If you have an energy-efficient home the FHA believes you'll have lower utility costs so there's more money in the till each month for mortgage payments. The FHA guidelines allow for 33/45 ratios with EEM financing.

There are, however, some complications with FHA mortgage financing.

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