Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) occurs naturally in the body and plays a crucial role in the energy-producing structures of cells. At the molecular level, it binds to protein and functions as a cofactor for several important mitochondrial enzymes. Although the majority of alpha-lipoic acid produced by the body is used almost entirely to generate energy, researchers have found that ALA may act as an antioxidant when incorporated into the diet.

Taken in supplement form, alpha-lipoic acid may defend the body against free radicals and single action molecules which can damage cells and lead to degenerative disorders associated with diminished health and aging. Other common and scientific names for alpha-lipoic acid include ALA, biletan, lipoic acid, lipoicin, thioctacid, thioctan and thioctic acid.

Sources of alpha-lipoic acid

Alpha-lipoic acid is synthesized in both animals and humans. But because little "free" alpha-lipoic acid is left circulating in the body after cells use it for energy, external sources of ALA are needed to produce an antioxidant effect. These include meats and select vegetables (such as spinach) and dietary supplements that contain alpha-lipoic acid.

How ALA works in the body

Alpha-lipoic acid, recognized for its antioxidant potential in the late 1980s, is said to function in both reduced and oxidized forms. It may neutralize free radicals in both the watery and fatty regions of cells and fortify the antioxidant power of vitamins C (water soluble) and E (fat soluble). It's also been said to extend the metabolic lifespan of glutathione (a tripeptide essential to the metabolism of nutrients in cells and one that plays a major role in dissolving toxic substances in the liver) and coenzyme Q10 (a vitamin-like enzymatic cofactor needed for cells to produce energy). Supplemental forms of alpha-lipoic acid are easily absorbed into the bloodstream and may cross the blood-brain barrier.

Alpha-lipoic acid benefits; claims

Research indicates that ALA supplementation may slow age-related heart problems and brain degeneration, and help boost the physiological strength and cognitive function of older persons - hence its reference as an anti-aging nutrient. ALA may also stave off age-related macular degeneration and, when added to cosmetic creams and face masks, alpha-lipoic acid may enhance the elasticity and youthful appearance of skin.

Benefits of ALA supplementation may include:

• A reduction of oxidative stress and circulating free radicals in the body

• Improved heart and artery health

• Enhanced immune system strength and brain function

• Blood glucose regulation and balanced cholesterol

• Detoxification of the liver

• A healthy neural system

Alpha-lipoic acid side effects, safety and toxicity

Alpha-lipoic acid is said to be safe in doses ranging from 100 mg to 400 mg daily.* It may also be toxic, and even fatal, in doses as high as 1,800 mg a day.* Excessive doses of alpha-lipoic acid have been known to cause stomach upset and nausea and may lead to dangerously low blood glucose levels. The frequency and strength of ALA supplementation is typically based on the reason for treatment.

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