State exemptions are promulgated by the constitution and statutes of each state to allow each resident citizen of that state to keep certain assets for themselves, notwithstanding that citizen may have a money judgment against him or her. Each state has its own set of exemptions. Some states are much more generous than others. It is important to note that exemptions do not apply to businesses; they only are available to human beings.

Texas has probably the best state exemptions over any other state. Some say Florida and Nevada have the best. It all depends on what kind of assets you own and whether Texas, Florida, Nevada or your state of residence exempts them and how much in value can be exempted. State exemptions are only applicable to you for the state in which you maintain your principal residence or legally have your domicile.

Texas exempts two types of real property: (a) one or more cemetery plots: and (b) a homestead. Either families or single adults may claim homesteads. The homestead may be either rural or urban. An urban homestead may be used as a home and business. The size of an urban homestead is the same for families or single adults: it may consist of up to ten acres on one or more contiguous lots, including any and all improvements on the land. A rural homestead for a family is limited to 200 acres and includes any improvements on the land. A rural homestead for a single person is limited to 100 acres and any improvements on the land. So, you can build the Taj Mahal on your urban homestead of 10 acres or less and feel secure in living out your days in peace, so long as you pay your mortgage, taxes (income and property) and those you hire to improve or add on to your property. The same goes for a rural homestead. If you sell your homestead, the proceeds are exempt for six months. In other words, if you do have a creditor with a judgment against you, you have six months to reinvest in another homestead or other exempt property or spend it, or any combination thereof.

Now, lets discuss personal property exemptions in Texas. We have two different types of exemptions for personal property: (1) an "aggregate" exemption for certain kinds of personal property, limited by the combined value of the property; and (2) unlimited exemptions for other kinds of personal property. Families and single adults may exempt certain kinds of personal property from the claims of creditors as long as the combined fair market value of the property does not exceed: (1) $60,000 for a family; or (2) $30,000 for a single adult. The kinds of personal property that may be included in the aggregate exemption are: (a) home furnishings and family heirlooms; (b) food and staples; (c) farming or ranching vehicles and implements; (d) tools, equipment, books and apparatus, including boats and motor vehicles, used in a trade or profession; (e) clothes; (f) jewelry, as long as it does not exceed 25% of the value of the aggregate $60,000 or $30,000 exemption; (g) two firearms; (h) athletic and sporting equipment, including bicycles; (i) a motor vehicle for each member of a family or single adult who holds a driver’s license or does not hold a drivers license but relies on another person to operate the vehicle for the unlicensed person; (j) the following animals, including food on hand for their consumption: (A) two horses, mules, or donkeys, including a saddle , blanket and bridle for each one; (B) 12 head of cattle; (C) 60 head of other types of livestock; and (D) 120 fowl; and last, but not least, (k) household pets. There is one more addition to this list and it is unpaid commissions for personal services as long as the amount does not exceed 25% of the $30,000 or $60,000 aggregate.

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