On the other hand, the proliferation of IGOs, whether open or closed, raises some cause for concern, both because of overlapping jurisdictional authority and terms of reference14 and because of the expense for states and taxpayers within states which must necessarily be incurred in order to maintain IGOs. Consequently, there may be need for rationalization and even consolidation of functions which could result in a reduction in the number of IGOs, and in financial waste, while human resources will be more profitably, economically and sensibly utilized. The interest here is in the public international organization and not in the private international organization commonly known as the non governmental organization (NGO). The public international organization is normally created by a treaty or convention to which states are parties and the members of the organization so created are generally states, though sometimes but rarely governments may constitute the membership.

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