The packet types used for small package flooding attacks have diverse over time, but for the most part, more than a few common packet types are still used by many DoS attack tools.

TCP floods – A watercourse of TCP packets with different flags set are sent to the injured party IP address. The SYN, ACK, and RST flags are usually used.

ICMP echo request/reply (e.g., ping floods) – A stream of ICMP packets are sent to a fatality IP address.

UDP floods – A torrent of UDP packets are sent to the casualty IP address.

Since packet flooding attacks characteristically struggle to reduce obtainable dispensation or bandwidth funds, the packet rate and quantity of data connected with the packet watercourse are significant factors in formative the attack’s degree of achievement. Some attack tools alter attributes of packets in the packet watercourse for a figure of different reasons.

Source IP address – In some cases, a fake basis IP address, a technique usually called IP spoofing, is used to hide the true source of a small package watercourse. In other gear, IP spoofing is used when packet watercourse are sent to one or more middle sites in order to reason retorts to be sent in the direction of a wounded. The latter example is ordinary for packet intensification attacks such as those based on IP heading for transmit packets (e.g., "smurf" or "fraggle").

Foundation/destination ports – TCP and UDP based small package torrenting attack tools sometimes change source and/or purpose port numbers to make reacting with packet cleaning by service additional tricky.

Other IP slogan values – At the great, we have seen DDoS Protection attack tools that are intended to randomize most all IP slogan options for each small package in the torrent, send-off just the purpose IP address steady between packets.

Packets with made-up characteristic are easily generated and delivered across the network. The TCP/IP protocol suite (IPv4) does not willingly supply instruments to cover the honesty of packet traits when packets are generated or during end-to-end broadcast. Characteristically, an interloper need only have enough freedom on a system to carry out tools and attacks able of manufacturing and sending packets with unkindly altered qualities.

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