Having your own private, heated pool is definitely an enjoyable luxury in cooler weather, but if you don’t already have a heating system installed, you’ve first got to decide which system is best for your pool. Usually you’ll be able to choose between an electric, gas, or solar powered heating system, but there are plenty of factors to consider when deciding which is right for your pool, and for you. Each of the three options has some particular advantages and disadvantages.

Electric Heat Pump Systems

Electric systems don’t generate their own heat; instead they use electricity to pump heat to the pool’s heating unit. They work by circulating the pool’s water through a filtration and heating unit. The heater draws air from outside using a fan, and uses a combination of refrigerants, evaporation coils, compressors, and condensers to transfer heat to pool water. Heated water is then returned to the pool.

Electric heat pump systems are very energy-efficient (often more efficient than gas systems), but in certain circumstances lose efficiency very quickly. Most systems operate most efficiently at outside temperatures of more than 45 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit, but lose efficiency quickly if the temperature decreases. The system will still operate effectively, but it will require more electricity to do so, because the cooler outside temperature forces the system to work harder to heat water.

When choosing an electric system, the size of your pool, your local climate, and when and how you plan to use the heater are all important factors to consider. Efficiency and cost are also important to your budget. The value to watch for is the Coefficient of Performance (COP), which measures the efficiency of electric systems. The higher the COP, the more efficient the system; however because different manufacturers use different efficiency tests, the COP won’t always provide a direct comparison between different systems.

Electric systems are usually more expensive than gas-fired systems. Over time, however, the costs of each will even up somewhat, as electric systems are usually more efficient, and have lower annual operating costs. Properly installed and well maintained, an electric heating system will run smoothly for at least ten years.

Gas-Fired Systems

Gas-fired heating systems have long been a popular choice, despite their inefficiency as compared to electric and solar systems. Newer gas models are much more efficient than their predecessors, but even so they are still at a disadvantage. However, the relative efficiency of each system depends greatly on your local climate, and its suitability depends on your pool use habits, so there are going to be cases where gas is the best option.

Gas systems are perhaps the most simple. They burn natural gas or propane, and heat the pool’s water by drawing water through a filter into the heating unit. The water is heated via proximity to the unit’s combustion chamber.

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