We hear a lot today about antioxidants, "free radicals" and what we can do about them. There is much confusion, so it may help to break down the key facts about these important, potentially life-saving and life-extending substances.

1. Oxygen is good and bad. In the human system, this basic element is both a help and a hindrance. Without it, no life. And yet, oxygen can work to break down other substances in the body as it is metabolized, creating what are called "free radicals" that displace electrons from other molecular structures. This is extremely damaging.

2. Oxidation is the name for this damage. An antioxidant, therefore, is anything that works to stop or retard this damaging breakdown by adding back an electron to the free radical and rendering it harmless.

3. We have natural antioxidants. Our bodies can fight this battle naturally, to an extent. Common nutrients such as beta-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C and selenium have been found to have antioxidant properties.

4. There are serious repercussions. The body actually does need some free radicals to function effectively, but an excessive amount is correlated with such diseases as heart and liver disease, as well as cancer.

5. Environmental factors affect you. Oxidation is exacerbated by stress, tobacco, drinking alcohol, excess exposure to the sun, air and water pollution, and other environmental and behavioral factors. There are things you can do in your lifestyle beyond taken antioxidant supplements to combat this scourge.

6. Antioxidants can be preventive. They work by reducing the number and effect of free radicals may even work to inhibit the spread of cancerous cells. For one example, they are thought to help prevent the beginnings of heart disease due to oxidation. By limiting the number of unstable, electron-deprived molecules, antioxidants can prevent the free-radical "chain reaction" from starting in the first place, in various places and organs in the body.

7. Antioxidants can be curative. We already have evidence that antioxidants can help ameliorate both symptoms and side effects of many diseases that proliferate because of oxidation in our bodies. It is also clear that antioxidants are effective in the treatment of chronic inflammation, and other applications are being discovered all the time.

8. The body’s natural antioxidant mechanisms can be supported by supplementation. Our bodies already circulate many nutrients precisely because of their antioxidant properties. They also create antioxidant enzymes expressly for the purpose of controlling free radicals and the damaging chain reactions. Our systems will utilize any other antioxidant substances in these same processes.

9. Mom was right: Take your vitamins. Vitamin E has been shown to suppress the "stickiness" of blood platelets and acts as an anticoagulant to decrease the formation of heart-attack-inducing blood clots. Vitamin C helps in this as well, by inhibiting a blood factor that is used to build clots.

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