The results of a reference check often determine who among top contenders will be offered the job. Yet many candidates take a reactive approach to this process, doing little legwork to ensure their recommendations are as strong as the rest of their application materials. A little planning and strategy, however, can go a long way toward building a rock-solid reference list.

Tailor your recommendations

When selecting your references, consider who would be most appropriate for the job for which you're applying. People who can speak about the traits and qualities you possess that directly relate to the position are your best bet. While you almost always want to use your former supervisors as references--as long as you're on good terms--the additional names you provide may vary. For example, if you're transitioning from a job as a newspaper reporter to a Web writer, rather than listing only former newspaper editors as references, you also may list a former online editor, one person who can attest to your technical abilities or industry knowledge (perhaps a new media instructor) and someone for whom you volunteered to write Web copy.

Start at the top

Hiring managers prefer to speak with those who have supervised you, so try to provide at least one or two references who can verify your job history and describe working with you from a manager's perspective. Check to make sure these people will be able to talk specifically about your skills and talent, and are not limited by a "name, rank and serial number" policy.

Refrain from listing those who have big titles but who don't know you very well. You may think it looks impressive to have a political official or a CEO recommend you, but this strategy can backfire if a reference is unable to offer detailed information.

Pave the way

Always ask permission before listing individuals as references. Hiring managers can usually sense when a reference is caught off guard, and it may cause them to question your planning or communication ability. You also want to ensure the person you're using as a reference feels comfortable recommending you and will speak highly of you. If you receive a tepid response, or your contact seems especially busy, you may want to use someone else. Individuals who quickly return phone calls and are enthusiastic about your talent make the most positive impressions.

Give references a "heads up"

Each time you submit a reference list to a prospective employer, let your contacts know they may receive a call. Briefly describe the job you're applying for so they are prepared to answer questions.

Express appreciation

Always thank those who offer to speak on your behalf, and keep them updated on the status of your job search. Once you are hired, thank your references again for their assistance via a hand-written note.

Along with strengthening your chances of landing a position, devoting time to the reference process enables you to expand your network. By keeping in close touch with those who recommended you--even after you've settled in to a new job--you create a solid contact base that can help you throughout your career.