What is technically known as sodium hydroxide that has a chemical formula of NaOH is better known in layman’s term as caustic soda and lye. Other synonymous terms include white caustic, soda lye, and sodium hydrate. It is produced from the reaction of sodium carbonate (soda) in the form of concentrated solution with calcium hydroxide (slaked slime). However, its production is mainly through electrolysis of brine.

The substance is available in solutions of varying concentrations as well as in solid forms (e.g. pellets, chips, sticks). Among the products that you see in your household, it is commonly present in oven cleaners and drain cleaners. Specifically, the purpose of the chemical being present in drain cleaners is that it converts fats, which clogged pipes usually contain, into soap, which then dissolves in water. Speaking of cleaners, the substance is also used to clean the steel tanks where beer is brewed or wine is fermented.

Yes, sodium hydroxide is of value to many industries. Look at the piece of paper on your desk. Did you know that the substance is one of the reasons why that piece of paper has been produced? It actually breaks down lignin, the binding force that holds cellulose fibers in wood together. The cellulose fibers that have been freed can then be formed into paper.

From paper, let us go to food preparation. Yes, you have read it right. One example is the preparation of German pretzels. Their unique crust is a result of having them poached in a cold solution of the chemical before they are baked. It is also used in the processing of chocolate and cocoa, the production of caramel coloring, and poultry scalding. Such is the value of the chemical as it is also of use to the petroleum and natural gas industry where it removes acidic contaminants in gas and oil processing as well as to the manufacture of other chemicals where it is usually used in off-gas scrubbing, pH control, and acid neutralization.

Moreover, its uses extend to metal cleaning and processing, laundering and bleaching, water treatment, mining, electroplating, electrolytic extracting, and oxide coating.

While you may be overwhelmed by the wideness of its uses, do not forget that it is a chemical that can have health implications if not stored and used properly. The chemical coming into contact with your skin may result to skin irritation and severe burns. It may also cause permanent vision impairment and even blindness, if it comes into contact with your eyes. When ingested, it can lead to severe mouth, throat, and stomach burns, severe scarring of tissue, or death.

Given these potential health effects, proper storage and handling of the substance must be strictly observed. It must be stored in a tightly-closed container, away from direct sunlight, metals, and strong acids. The area where it is stored must be dry, cool, and ventilated. You would not want it to come into contact with your skin and eyes, hence, protective equipment must be worn when handling it. Wear gloves and safety goggles or protective eyeglasses.

It would not hurt if we also made ourselves familiar with the first aid measures on sodium hydroxide-related accidents. If it comes into contact with someone’s skin, the contaminated pieces of clothing must be removed as quickly as possible. The contaminated part of the skin must be flushed with plenty of water for 15 minutes, at the least. If it is with the eye(s), the contaminated eye(s) must also be flushed with water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelid or eyelids open.

Moreover, if someone swallows a solution of sodium hydroxide, have the victim drink 8 to 10 oz. of water, but do not give the victim anything if he or she is unconscious. Take note also that inducing vomiting is a big no-no.