Introduction:

Food poisoning is an acute gastroenteritis caused by the consumption of a food material or a drink which contains the pathogenic micro organism or their toxins or poisonous chemicals. Food poisoning is common in hostels, hotels, communal feedings, and festival seasons.

A group of persons will be affected with same type of symptoms, and they give a history of consumption of a common food before few hours.

Types of food poisoning:

1) Bacterial food poisoning:

Here the micro organisms called bacteria are responsible. The food material may contain the pathogenic bacteria or their toxin and will be ingested along with the food.

2) Non bacterial food poisoning:

Due to the presence of toxic chemicals like fertilizers, insecticides, heavy metals and act

Since bacterial food poisoning is common it is discussed here.

Bacterial food poisoning:

All bacteria are not harmful. There are some pathogenic bacteria which secrete toxins and cause clinical manifestations. These organisms enter the human body through food articles or drinks.

Some common bacterial food poisonings:

1) Salmonella food poisoning:

There are three different varieties of salmonella bacteria.(Salmonella Typhimurium ,salmonella cholera suits, salmonella entertains) These bacteria are present in milk, milk products and eggs. Symptoms of this food poisoning include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Fever is also common.

2) Botulism:

This is the dangerous type of food poisoning caused by clostridium outline. The spores of these organisms are seen in the soil and enters the human body through pickles and canned fish ect. Compared to other food poisonings here vomiting and diarrhea are rare mainly the nervous system is affected. The symptom starts with double vision, numbness with weakness. Later there will be paralysis with cardiac and respiratory failure ending in death.

3) Staphylococcal food poisoning:

It is caused by staphylococci caucus aurous. These organisms usually cause skin troubles like boils and eruptions. It causes mastitis in cow. Through the milk and milk products it Enders and causes gastroenteritis. There will be vomiting, abdominal cramps with diarrhea.

4) Clostridiums food poisoning:

This is caused by clostridium perfringens. They are present in stool, soil and water. They enter the body through, meat, meat dishes and egg ect. If food article are cooked and kept in room temperature for a long time and heated again before eating can result this food poisoning. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal cramps.

5) Bacillus cereus:

The spores of these organisms can survive cooking and causes enteritis. Diarrhea and vomiting is common in this infection.

How food poisoning occurs:

1) Presence of bacteria in the water.

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